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public:network-tech-guide:appendix_1_-_internet_standards [2020/11/16 09:19]
kevin.millsip [Encryption]
public:network-tech-guide:appendix_1_-_internet_standards [2020/11/16 09:44] (current)
kevin.millsip [Cabling Standards]
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 The data network in your library is based on a group of network standards known as Ethernet. Developed at Xerox PARC in USA in the 1970’s, the basic Ethernet network technology is called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) and is IEEE Standard 802.3, approved in 1983.  There are nowadays many extensions and modifications to the original standard to allow higher speeds, many more workstations and different media such as copper cable, fibre optics and radio.  The data network in your library is based on a group of network standards known as Ethernet. Developed at Xerox PARC in USA in the 1970’s, the basic Ethernet network technology is called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) and is IEEE Standard 802.3, approved in 1983.  There are nowadays many extensions and modifications to the original standard to allow higher speeds, many more workstations and different media such as copper cable, fibre optics and radio. 
  
-===== Power Over Ethernet =====+===== Power Over Ethernet (PoE)  =====
  
-PoE is a technology that delivers power to the WIFI access point (and other devices)  over the data cable from the data switch, so avoiding the installation of 110v AC power outlets specifically to power the WIFI. The PoE standard is an IEEE 802.3af Ethernet network standard development upgraded in 2012 and 2018 to now include power up to 100 Watts. The latter has not yet been approved by the Building Codes administrators in Canada. It is very important to use the highest standard data cable in your network installation projects in order to support the delivery of PoE and future proof the infrastructure for higher speeds as they are introduced.+PoE is a technology that delivers power to the WIFI access point (and other devices) over the data cable from the data switch, thereby avoiding the installation of 110v AC power outlets specifically to power the WIFI. The PoE standard is an IEEE 802.3af Ethernet network standard development upgraded in 2012 and 2018 to now include power up to 100 Watts. The latter standard has not yet been approved by the Building Codes administrators in Canada. It is very important to use the highest standard data cable in your network installation projects in order to support the delivery of PoE and future proof the infrastructure for higher speeds as they are introduced.
  
 ===== WIFI ===== ===== WIFI =====
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 There are 2 standard organizations regulating the WIFI radio systems in Canada. There are 2 standard organizations regulating the WIFI radio systems in Canada.
  
-The actual radio regulations are the responsibility of the Canadian Governmentfound on the Internet at https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-risks-safety/radiation/everyday-things-emit-radiation/wi-fi.html+The actual radio regulations are the responsibility of the Canadian Government and can be found on the internet at https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-risks-safety/radiation/everyday-things-emit-radiation/wi-fi.html
  
-The technical specifications for the equipment sold for WIFI service are produced by the IEEE and are found at  802.11 standards. WIFI is a trademark owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance, a USA industry group dedicated to certifying that WIFI products meet the standards. The names of the products were rebranded recently from the IEEE' 802.11 series to WIFI 4, 5 and, new in 2019, WIFI 6.+The technical specifications for the equipment sold for WIFI service are produced by the IEEE and are found at 802.11 standards. WIFI is a trademark owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance, a USA industry group dedicated to certifying that WIFI products meet the standards. The names of the products were rebranded recently from the IEEE' 802.11 series to WIFI 4, 5 and, new in 2019, WIFI 6.
  
-Radio networks can be tricky to design and install in library buildings because the signals can be blocked by building walls, columns, floors and ceilings and bookshelves. Use a dealer with network discovery and testing capability (often an application on a cell phone nowadays) to design and purchase your WIFI capacity.  You are not delivering a home network for convenience so when buying WIFI equipment, remote management integrated with your data network and the ability to run through Power over Ethernet (PoE) are both important functions that should be on your list of requirements. This mostly rules out home consumer products.  New commercial Wireless Access Points (WAP's) are customizable with different aerials and mounting points wireless mesh networks and are usually powered by PoE. These features allow you to place the devices to the best coverage points in your building with the fewest number of cables.+Radio networks can be tricky to design and install in library buildings because the signals can be blocked by building walls, columns, floors and ceilings and bookshelves. Use a dealer with network discovery and testing capability (often an application on a cell phone nowadays) to design and purchase your WIFI capacity. You are not delivering a home network for convenience so when buying WIFI equipment, remote management integrated with your data network and the ability to run through Power over Ethernet (PoE) are both important functions that should be on your list of requirements. This requirement mostly rules out home consumer products. New commercial Wireless Access Points (WAP's) are customizable with different aerials and mounting points and wireless mesh networks and are usually powered by PoE. These features allow you to place the devices at the best coverage points in your building with the fewest number of cables.
  
-New WIFI equipment using WIFI5 standards should offer at least two radio bands, a 2.4GHz band and a 5GHz band. The 2.4GHz band offers better range because it is more adept at penetrating walls and other structures. However, it doesn't offer the throughput and lower latency that you get with the 5GHz band radio. Three separate networks are often defined on these 2 bandwidths, (2 networks are defined on the 5GHz band) segregating the different patron groups from staff requirements perhaps. +New WIFI equipment using WIFI5 standards should offer at least two radio bands, a 2.4GHz band and a 5GHz band. The 2.4GHz band offers better range because it is more adept at penetrating walls and other structures. However, this band doesn't offer the throughput and lower latency that you get with the 5GHz band radio. Three separate networks are often defined on these 2 bandwidths, (2 networks are defined on the 5GHz band) segregating the different patron groups from staff requirements perhaps. 
-The latest Wi-Fi protocol, 802.11ax, is also known as Wi-Fi 6 or High Efficiency (HE) Wireless.  Wi-Fi 6 is designed to increase throughput to 9.6Gbps with less network congestion, greater client capacity and better range performance using improved wireless technologies.  This could include Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Target Wake Time (TWT).  OFDMA improves overall throughput by breaking Wi-Fi channels into sub-channels, allowing up to 30 users to share a channel at the same time. +The latest Wi-Fi protocol, 802.11ax, is also known as Wi-Fi 6 or High Efficiency (HE) Wireless. Wi-Fi 6 is designed to increase throughput to 9.6Gbps with less network congestion, greater client capacity and better range performance using improved wireless technologies. These technologies could include Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Target Wake Time (TWT).  OFDMA improves overall throughput by breaking Wi-Fi channels into sub-channels, allowing up to 30 users to share a channel at the same time. 
  
 Target Wake Time (TWT) is designed to reduce power consumption, extending battery life for mobile devices such as phones and tablets as well as devices such as security cameras and video doorbells that are often battery powered for home installation. Target Wake Time (TWT) is designed to reduce power consumption, extending battery life for mobile devices such as phones and tablets as well as devices such as security cameras and video doorbells that are often battery powered for home installation.
  
-No sooner will WIFI 6 be available in 2021 than another is on the horizon. WIFI 6E operates on a new 6-7 gHz radio band and is not certified for use in Canada as of 2020. It may be at least 3 to 5 years before product is available in Canada.+No sooner will WIFI 6 be available in 2021 than another is on the horizon. WIFI 6E operates on a new 6-7 gHz radio band and is not certified for use in Canada as of 2020. It may be at least 3 to 5 years before the new product is available in Canada.
  
 ===== Cabling Standards ===== ===== Cabling Standards =====
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 Data cabling systems for customer premises are guided by standards to create very structured systems that support many possible uses and media. Data cabling systems for customer premises are guided by standards to create very structured systems that support many possible uses and media.
   - In Canada and USA, the standard is ANSI/TIA-568-C, also known as the Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. The ANSI/TIA-568-C standard is a specification adopted by ANSI (American National Standards Institute in 1991.    - In Canada and USA, the standard is ANSI/TIA-568-C, also known as the Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. The ANSI/TIA-568-C standard is a specification adopted by ANSI (American National Standards Institute in 1991. 
-  - The International Standard on Information Technology Generic Cabling for Customer Premises is the ISO/IEC 11801 Ed. 2 standard. 
- 
-These documents are very similar.  
  
 The cabling standard breaks structured cabling into six areas: The cabling standard breaks structured cabling into six areas:
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 ===== Network Management ===== ===== Network Management =====
  
-The network management services in a Local Area Network are based on a protocol named SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). In 2004, the IETF recognized SNMPV3 as defined in RFC3411-3418 as the current standard and it is not a full Internet Standard. The new standard is an attempt to improve the security of the SNMP protocols and processes through use of encrypted channels and processes.+The network management services in a Local Area Network are based on a protocol named SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). In 2004, the IETF recognized SNMPV3 as defined in RFC3411-3418 as the current standard and it is not a full Internet Standard. The new standard is an attempt to improve the security of the SNMP protocols and processes through the use of encrypted channels and processes.
  
-Security issues have been extremely common for as long as SNMP has been deployed. Version 1 is still the only widely deployed level but is known to have serious security weaknesses. Version 3 is now widely deployed in new IT purchases but may require complex encryption support from IT staffs  and care needs to be taken to introduce these tools with a new management system vendor.+Security issues have been extremely common for as long as SNMP has been deployed. Version 1 is still the only widely deployed levelbut is known to have serious security weaknesses. Version 3 is now widely deployed in new IT purchases but may require complex encryption support from IT staff. Care should to be taken when introducing these tools with a new management system vendor.
  
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public/network-tech-guide/appendix_1_-_internet_standards.1605547190.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/11/16 09:19 by kevin.millsip