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public:nnels:etext:language [2019/06/19 13:00] rachel.osolen [Text in other languages] |
public:nnels:etext:language [2021/05/29 15:42] rachel.osolen [Marking up Languages] |
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- | =====Text in other languages===== | + | ======Text in other languages====== |
Whenever there is text in another language it’s very important to properly identify the language of the text. This ensures that screen readers, braille displays, and other assistive technologies can render the content accurately and read the content according to the pronunciation rules for that language. When no other language has been specified for a phrase or passage of text, its human language is the default human language of the book. | Whenever there is text in another language it’s very important to properly identify the language of the text. This ensures that screen readers, braille displays, and other assistive technologies can render the content accurately and read the content according to the pronunciation rules for that language. When no other language has been specified for a phrase or passage of text, its human language is the default human language of the book. | ||
- | In some cases, though, it's not desirable to markup the change in language as it actually negatively affects accessibility. Do **not** mark up the language in these cases: | + | < |
+ | |||
+ | When there are frequent switches in languages in a book, the text-to-speech voice will also change, and this can be a bit jolting if it occurs frequently and depending on how different the voices are. For example, the reader might have “Apple Alex” set as the default English voice and “Apple Amelie” for the French voice. So, if it’s not necessary to mark up the language, then it’s often best to leave it. Just something to keep in the back of one’s mind. </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Do __**not**__ mark up the language in these cases: | ||
- **Proper names** | - **Proper names** | ||
- Examples: Bellevue, Pierre | - Examples: Bellevue, Pierre | ||
- | - **Technical terms** | + | - **Technical |
- Examples: Homo sapiens, Alpha Centauri, hertz, and habeas corpus | - Examples: Homo sapiens, Alpha Centauri, hertz, and habeas corpus | ||
- Most professions require frequent use of technical terms which may originate from a foreign language. Such terms are usually not translated to all languages. The universal nature of technical terms also facilitate communication between professionals. | - Most professions require frequent use of technical terms which may originate from a foreign language. Such terms are usually not translated to all languages. The universal nature of technical terms also facilitate communication between professionals. | ||
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<note tip>The important thing to keep in mind is why the guidelines exist. This guideline is for non-visual readers who use audio (text-to-speech) to access the text. I sometimes find it helpful to ask, “would this negatively affect reading comprehension if it were voiced in English or in French?”. You can easily test this out by activating the TTS on your Windows (Narrator) or Mac (VoiceOver)</ | <note tip>The important thing to keep in mind is why the guidelines exist. This guideline is for non-visual readers who use audio (text-to-speech) to access the text. I sometimes find it helpful to ask, “would this negatively affect reading comprehension if it were voiced in English or in French?”. You can easily test this out by activating the TTS on your Windows (Narrator) or Mac (VoiceOver)</ | ||
- | =====Applying language styles===== | ||
- | The language can be set using styles at either the **paragraph** or **character** levels. For entire paragraphs in a foreign language, we use a Paragraph style; | + | Links for Windows Narrator: |
- | For example, in the image below, we can create a new Character style (let's call the style Turkish) and set the language | + | * Video for Window Version 10: [[https:// |
+ | * Written instructions for Windows: [[https:// | ||
- | Following these steps will ensure that the text is spoken in the correct language, and converted into XML. | ||
- | ====Step 1: Create a new style (character or paragraph)==== | + | Links for Mac VoiceOver: |
+ | * Video for Mac: [[https:// | ||
+ | * Video for Mac with Siri: [[https:// | ||
+ | * Written Instructions for Mac: [[https:// | ||
- | {{: | + | =====Marking up Languages===== |
- | ====Step 2: Go to '' | + | To mark up secondary language: |
+ | * Select the text | ||
+ | * Go to '' | ||
+ | * This will open a pop up menu | ||
+ | * Select the appropriate language | ||
+ | * Apply '' | ||
- | {{: | + | When passing the ticket |
- | ====Step 3: Set the language | + | < |
- | + | </ | |
- | {{: | + | |
+ | If you are working with a Windows computer, you may have to install the editing languages in order to apply them to the text. The following link will take you to a website that breaks down how to do this: [[https:// | ||
+ | ]] | ||
=====For entire documents written in another language===== | =====For entire documents written in another language===== | ||
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To change the document language on a Mac, you can follow these steps: | To change the document language on a Mac, you can follow these steps: | ||
- | [[https:// | + | [[https:// |
On a PC, Word should automatically detect the language of the document: | On a PC, Word should automatically detect the language of the document: | ||
- | [[https:// | + | [[https:// |
+ | |||
+ | =====Indigenous Languages===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Currently, we are not able to apply language mark up to Indigenous Languages in Microsoft Word. | ||
+ | |||
+ | There are span tags that have been created by the [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | This section will explain how to set up the Indigenous Languages in Word to help the Production Coordinator add the span tags during conversion. | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | There are two steps for marking Indigenous Languages: | ||
+ | - Apply Strong style to the words and phrases. | ||
+ | - Insert | ||
+ | - Leave a comment in the RT ticket indicating what Indigenous Languages are in the book. | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round box 80%> | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Example of Indigenous Language Producer' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Producer’s Note (heading 1) | ||
+ | |||
+ | This book uses words and phrases written in [insert language name]. Text-to-speech software will not be able to pronounce the Indigenous-language words correctly in this Word version. (normal style) | ||
+ | |||
+ | </ | ||
- | =====A note about poetry===== | ||
- | When you are working on poetry, you will **not** be able to apply a particular language style to words and phrases. In this case, you can just leave the Word version without language markup and use just the Poetry ('' | ||
=====Working with Images of Words and Different Alphabets===== | =====Working with Images of Words and Different Alphabets===== | ||
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Sometimes the terms or phrases are typed out in line with the rest of the text, but with a language that uses a different alphabet. In this case, if the text appears as typed text, and not an image, then you can simply apply a language style to it as usual. | Sometimes the terms or phrases are typed out in line with the rest of the text, but with a language that uses a different alphabet. In this case, if the text appears as typed text, and not an image, then you can simply apply a language style to it as usual. | ||
- | |||
In case you're not sure how to type in different languages, this is how you do it on a Mac [[https:// | In case you're not sure how to type in different languages, this is how you do it on a Mac [[https:// | ||
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In other cases you can use '' | In other cases you can use '' | ||
+ | =====Q& | ||
+ | Q: I'm working on the play "1 Hour Photo." | ||
- | =====Q& | + | [Here is an example: Tetsuro raises both hands to illustrate the ideogram for " |
- | **Q: I have a book that uses Innuinaktun words, but it also has two images. One is an image of a table with the word symbols beside | + | Another option |
- | {{ : | + | A: You should insert the proper ideogram back in. You can do this using unicode. Here are [[public: |
+ | ---- | ||
+ | Q: That's the thing, I don't know how to find the correct Japanese ideogram in Unicode. I don't even know which Japanese alphabet to search in - apparently there are several. I don't feel at all confident that I can identify the correct symbol. I know how to insert symbols with Unicode - the missing part is how to identify the specific code for the correct Japanese symbol. I think it would be one of the CJK Unified Ideographs but I don't know which one and I can't just search " | ||
- | {{ :public: | + | A: In this case, since it is an issue of conversion and you are not confident in finding to correct ideogram, then simply put a producer' |
+ | ---- | ||
- | A: Looks like this is the Inuktitut language, according to the publication information. Inuktitut can be represented by [[https:// | ||
- | We will need to translate the images into Unicode. | ||
- | If you're using Mac, enable your " | ||
- | **Q: I am editing | + | Q: I am editing |
- | A: Unfortunately, | + | A: Unfortunately, |
+ | ---- | ||
- | **Q: I have a book that deals with hebrew words. | ||
- | |||
- | {{: | ||
- | {{:public: | + | **Q: I have a book that uses Innuinaktun words, but it also has two images. One is an image of a table with the word symbols beside the sound (no english translation), |
- | {{: | + | {{ : |
- | A: Using images instead of text is a very bad publishing practice | + | {{ :public:nnels:etext:innut_image_01.png? |
- | + | ||
- | In case you're not sure how to type in different languages, this is how you do it on a Mac [[https:// | + | |
+ | A: Looks like this is the Inuktitut language, according to the publication information. Inuktitut can be represented by [[https:// | ||
+ | We will need to translate the images into Unicode. | ||
+ | If you're using Mac, enable your " | ||
---- | ---- | ||
WCAG 2.0 - H58: | WCAG 2.0 - H58: |