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public:nnels:etext:language [2019/07/22 16:51] rachel.osolen |
public:nnels:etext:language [2022/11/24 10:27] (current) rachel.osolen [How to Work with Languages in Word] |
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- | =====Text in other languages===== | + | ======Text in Other Languages====== |
Whenever there is text in another language it’s very important to properly identify the language of the text. This ensures that screen readers, braille displays, and other assistive technologies can render the content accurately and read the content according to the pronunciation rules for that language. When no other language has been specified for a phrase or passage of text, its human language is the default human language of the book. | Whenever there is text in another language it’s very important to properly identify the language of the text. This ensures that screen readers, braille displays, and other assistive technologies can render the content accurately and read the content according to the pronunciation rules for that language. When no other language has been specified for a phrase or passage of text, its human language is the default human language of the book. | ||
- | In some cases, though, it's not desirable to markup the change in language as it actually negatively affects accessibility. Do **not** mark up the language in these cases: | + | < |
+ | |||
+ | When there are frequent switches in languages in a book, the text-to-speech voice will also change, and this can be a bit jolting if it occurs frequently and depending on how different the voices are. For example, the reader might have “Apple Alex” set as the default English voice and “Apple Amelie” for the French voice. So, if it’s not necessary to mark up the language, then it’s often best to leave it. Just something to keep in the back of one’s mind. </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Do __**not**__ mark up the language in these cases: | ||
- **Proper names** | - **Proper names** | ||
- Examples: Bellevue, Pierre | - Examples: Bellevue, Pierre | ||
- | - **Technical terms** | + | - **Technical |
- Examples: Homo sapiens, Alpha Centauri, hertz, and habeas corpus | - Examples: Homo sapiens, Alpha Centauri, hertz, and habeas corpus | ||
- Most professions require frequent use of technical terms which may originate from a foreign language. Such terms are usually not translated to all languages. The universal nature of technical terms also facilitate communication between professionals. | - Most professions require frequent use of technical terms which may originate from a foreign language. Such terms are usually not translated to all languages. The universal nature of technical terms also facilitate communication between professionals. | ||
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<note tip>The important thing to keep in mind is why the guidelines exist. This guideline is for non-visual readers who use audio (text-to-speech) to access the text. I sometimes find it helpful to ask, “would this negatively affect reading comprehension if it were voiced in English or in French?”. You can easily test this out by activating the TTS on your Windows (Narrator) or Mac (VoiceOver)</ | <note tip>The important thing to keep in mind is why the guidelines exist. This guideline is for non-visual readers who use audio (text-to-speech) to access the text. I sometimes find it helpful to ask, “would this negatively affect reading comprehension if it were voiced in English or in French?”. You can easily test this out by activating the TTS on your Windows (Narrator) or Mac (VoiceOver)</ | ||
- | |||
- | < | ||
Links for Windows Narrator: | Links for Windows Narrator: | ||
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* Written Instructions for Mac: [[https:// | * Written Instructions for Mac: [[https:// | ||
+ | =====How to Work with Languages in Word===== | ||
+ | The following is a list of the different ways to mark up and approach languages in your workflow. | ||
+ | * [[.language: | ||
+ | * [[.language: | ||
+ | * [[.language: | ||
+ | * [[.language: | ||
+ | * [[.language: | ||
- | =====Applying language styles===== | + | <note tip>If something is not clear, look at the Q&A Archive below. If you are still can not find an answer, ask on the [[public: |
+ | ---- | ||
- | The language can be set using styles at either the **paragraph** or **character** levels. For entire paragraphs in a foreign language, we use a Paragraph style; for inline words or phrases in another language, we use a character style. | ||
- | For example, in the image below, we can create a new Character style (let's call the style Turkish) and set the language to Turkish using the Format drop-down menu and selecting Language. | + | =====Q& |
- | Following these steps will ensure that the text is spoken | + | Q: This question |
- | ====Step 1: Create a new style (character or paragraph)==== | + | A: Yes. For Indigenous languages always include the producers note, and do your best to identify the language as precisely as you can. |
- | {{: | + | ---- |
- | ====Step 2: Go to '' | + | Q: Question regarding The Hanging of Angelique. THe text refers |
- | {{:public:nnels: | + | A: A note about less common languages: If Word does not have a language |
- | ====Step 3: Set the language | + | It is good to always check the wiki Language page, and check with me about languages as they can be very tricky sometimes (for example we don't have span tags for most Indigenous languages at this time, but Inuktitut has a set of unicode for its symbolics.) |
- | {{: | + | If you find there are a lot of these words, or longer phrases let me know and we can put in a Producer' |
- | =====For entire documents written in another language===== | + | Never hesitate to ask! |
- | If the entire book is written in another language, we will need to change | + | ---- |
+ | Q: In Svaha, there are some Mandarin phrases that are spelled out phonetically with the English alphabet. I've been trying to mark them as Strong and to set the language | ||
- | To change | + | An example of the type of phrase I'm talking about is: "Wo hen hsiang chien t'a." |
- | [[https:// | + | |
- | On a PC, Word should automatically detect the language | + | Edited to add: Sure, I uploaded it to Cyberduck. I just want to add that I later came across |
- | [[https:// | + | |
- | =====Indigenous Languages===== | + | A: It seems to be an issue with Word since the words are written with english characters. Apply bold style to them, and I will add the language tags manually during conversion. Remember to leave a note for me about the languages in a comment when you pass back the ticket in RT |
- | Currently, we are not able to create a Language Style in Word for Indigenous Languages. In the future hope we will be able to create Language Styles, but for now we still want to be able to markup these languages so they are set apart from the surrounding text. | + | ---- |
- | There are two steps for marking Indigenous Languages: | + | Q: I was wondering if you could make me a video showing how to add Language |
- | - Apply Emphasis style to the words and phrases the same way you would a Language | + | |
- | | + | |
- | <note>It is important you try to include | + | Marking up Languages |
- | </ | + | To mark up secondary language: |
+ | Select the text | ||
+ | Go to Tools > Language | ||
+ | This will open a pop up menu | ||
+ | Select the appropriate language | ||
+ | Apply Strong style to the word or phrase | ||
+ | When passing | ||
- | =====A note about poetry===== | ||
- | When you are working on poetry, you will **not** be able to apply a particular language style to words and phrases. In this case, you can just leave the Word version without language markup and use just the Poetry ('' | ||
- | =====Working with Images of Words and Different Alphabets===== | + | So I tried this, however I don’t think I am doing it right. It’s telling me to download the Italian package for Word, for example, when I select the appropriate language. I think I may be in the wrong section...? |
- | Sometimes a word or phrase will appear as an image in line with the sentence instead of typed text. This is a issue from the publisher. Words or phrases should not be formatted as images, but sometimes publishers do not follow these guidelines. When this happens you will need to transcribe the image of the term of phrase, and then apply the language style. Be sure to delete | + | A: It sounds like you need to download |
+ | Note: The video at the top automatically stops to give you time to do the task, just hit play again to have it start up again. | ||
- | < | + | Remember, we do not markup single words that are naturalized into English. Nonna is a word that is also pronounced the same in English, so no markup. The Hawaiian should be marked up, but there is no mark up for Hawaiian in Word .... which is just ...so wrong... Mark the word as strong so I can find it and see if I can add a tag in the code. This will not be read by screenreaders though, so you can also add a producer' |
- | Sometimes the terms or phrases are typed out in line with the rest of the text, but with a language that uses a different alphabet. In this case, if the text appears as typed text, and not an image, then you can simply apply a language style to it as usual. | + | ---- |
+ | Q: I am currently working on " | ||
- | In case you're not sure how to type in different | + | A: Always mark up languages |
- | In other cases you can use '' | + | ---- |
+ | Q: I'm working on the play "1 Hour Photo." | ||
+ | [Here is an example: Tetsuro raises both hands to illustrate the ideogram for " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Another option I thought of was to copy the image of the ideogram from the PDF file and paste it into the Word file. Then, add alt-text to it. What do you think? | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: You should insert the proper ideogram back in. You can do this using unicode. Here are [[public: | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | Q: That's the thing, I don't know how to find the correct Japanese ideogram in Unicode. I don't even know which Japanese alphabet to search in - apparently there are several. I don't feel at all confident that I can identify the correct symbol. I know how to insert symbols with Unicode - the missing part is how to identify the specific code for the correct Japanese symbol. I think it would be one of the CJK Unified Ideographs but I don't know which one and I can't just search " | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: In this case, since it is an issue of conversion and you are not confident in finding to correct ideogram, then simply put a producer' | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Q: I am editing an illustrated children' | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: Unfortunately, | ||
+ | ---- | ||
- | =====Q& | ||
**Q: I have a book that uses Innuinaktun words, but it also has two images. One is an image of a table with the word symbols beside the sound (no english translation), | **Q: I have a book that uses Innuinaktun words, but it also has two images. One is an image of a table with the word symbols beside the sound (no english translation), | ||
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A: Looks like this is the Inuktitut language, according to the publication information. Inuktitut can be represented by [[https:// | A: Looks like this is the Inuktitut language, according to the publication information. Inuktitut can be represented by [[https:// | ||
We will need to translate the images into Unicode. | We will need to translate the images into Unicode. | ||
- | If you're using Mac, enable your " | + | If you're using Mac, enable your " |
- | **Q: I am editing a poetry book that uses Italian, French, and Latin. | + | Q: alfabet / alphabet features several words in Friesian, which is not included in the list of languages available in Microsoft Word. Should I format these as I would Indigenous words and leave a comment accordingly? |
- | A: Unfortunately, identifying languages in Word doesn' | + | A: Great question! Yes, you can treat it similarly |
- | **Q: I have a book that deals with hebrew words. Some of the words are typed, and I can create | + | ---- |
- | + | Q: I'm working on Pilleurs de rêves, | |
- | {{: | + | |
- | {{:public: | + | A: Yes, you need to **always** bold all Indigenous words. I will get that translation and let you know when the wiki has been updated. |
- | {{:public:nnels: | + | ---- |
+ | Q: Another A Thousand Times You Lose Your Treasure question: I know that we don't mark up words that have been incorporated into English, but I've noticed in this text that the author does not use the anglicized " | ||
- | A: Using images instead of text is a very bad publishing practice :( Images of text should all be converted to text in the body of the narrative. We should type out all the text including the Hebrew and Greek text and use a style to tag them as words in the Hebrew or Greek language (as we usually do with foreign language words). | + | A: You can treat it the same way as the other Vietnamese |
- | In case you're not sure how to type in different languages, this is how you do it on a Mac [[https:// | + | ---- |
+ | Q: I'm working on A Thousand Times You Lose Your Treasure, which works in words in Vietnamese, and I noticed that Vietnamese isn't one of the default language packs. I found the guide in the Wiki for adding | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: It seems like you can not add Vietnamese to Word on Mac. I submitted a new question to the community message board, and will let you know if I hear anything. For now, just bold all the words, add a note to RT when you pass it to me that there are Vietnamese words in the document, and I will manually put in the span tags when I convert it to EPUB3. | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q: Working on Late to the House of Words by Sharon Dolin. Because it is a Spanish-English parallel text, is it correct that I apply language | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: Yes, you want to apply Spanish to the full phrases. Remember in the future to include an example in your question. | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q: Another question about Late to the House of Words by Sharon Dolin. There are some italicised words on both the Spanish and English text. Strong style is already applied to the Spanish pieces. Is clearing the format of the particular words and applying emphasis style the correct treatment to the italicised words in Spanish? E.g. Under [No conec cap espai], No conec cap espai que respongui al nom de //casa//. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: Yes, we follow the same rules for emphasis for other languages. | ||
---- | ---- | ||
WCAG 2.0 - H58: | WCAG 2.0 - H58: | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[public: |