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public:nnels:etext:language [2018/11/30 16:18] rachel.osolen [A note about poetry] |
public:nnels:etext:language [2022/11/24 10:25] rachel.osolen ↷ Links adapted because of a move operation |
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- | =====Text in other languages===== | + | ======Text in Other Languages====== |
Whenever there is text in another language it’s very important to properly identify the language of the text. This ensures that screen readers, braille displays, and other assistive technologies can render the content accurately and read the content according to the pronunciation rules for that language. When no other language has been specified for a phrase or passage of text, its human language is the default human language of the book. | Whenever there is text in another language it’s very important to properly identify the language of the text. This ensures that screen readers, braille displays, and other assistive technologies can render the content accurately and read the content according to the pronunciation rules for that language. When no other language has been specified for a phrase or passage of text, its human language is the default human language of the book. | ||
- | In some cases, though, it's not desirable to markup the change in language as it actually negatively affects accessibility. Do **not** mark up the language in these cases: | + | < |
+ | |||
+ | When there are frequent switches in languages in a book, the text-to-speech voice will also change, and this can be a bit jolting if it occurs frequently and depending on how different the voices are. For example, the reader might have “Apple Alex” set as the default English voice and “Apple Amelie” for the French voice. So, if it’s not necessary to mark up the language, then it’s often best to leave it. Just something to keep in the back of one’s mind. </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Do __**not**__ mark up the language in these cases: | ||
- **Proper names** | - **Proper names** | ||
- Examples: Bellevue, Pierre | - Examples: Bellevue, Pierre | ||
- | - **Technical terms** | + | - **Technical |
- Examples: Homo sapiens, Alpha Centauri, hertz, and habeas corpus | - Examples: Homo sapiens, Alpha Centauri, hertz, and habeas corpus | ||
- Most professions require frequent use of technical terms which may originate from a foreign language. Such terms are usually not translated to all languages. The universal nature of technical terms also facilitate communication between professionals. | - Most professions require frequent use of technical terms which may originate from a foreign language. Such terms are usually not translated to all languages. The universal nature of technical terms also facilitate communication between professionals. | ||
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- **Words of indeterminate language** | - **Words of indeterminate language** | ||
- In the rare case where, for one reason or another, we cannot determine what the appropriate language information is, then we just leave it as is (do not mark it up). This might be a situation where we're not sure if the text is non-linguistic. We haven' | - In the rare case where, for one reason or another, we cannot determine what the appropriate language information is, then we just leave it as is (do not mark it up). This might be a situation where we're not sure if the text is non-linguistic. We haven' | ||
- | =====Applying language styles===== | ||
- | The language can be set using styles at either the **paragraph** or **character** levels. For entire paragraphs in a foreign language, we use a Paragraph style; for inline words or phrases in another language, we use a character style. | ||
- | For example, in the image below, we can create a new Character style (let's call the style Turkish) and set the language | + | For more info please refer to the WCAG page on languages through this [[https:// |
- | Following these steps will ensure that the text is spoken in the correct language, and converted into XML. | ||
- | ====Step 1: Create a new style (character | + | <note tip>The important thing to keep in mind is why the guidelines exist. This guideline is for non-visual readers who use audio (text-to-speech) to access the text. I sometimes find it helpful to ask, “would this negatively affect reading comprehension if it were voiced in English |
- | {{:public: | + | Links for Windows Narrator: |
- | ====Step 2: Go to '' | + | * Video for Window Version 10: [[https:// |
+ | * Written instructions for Windows: [[https:// | ||
- | {{: | ||
- | ====Step 3: Set the language of the text==== | + | Links for Mac VoiceOver: |
+ | * Video for Mac: [[https:// | ||
+ | * Video for Mac with Siri: [[https:// | ||
+ | * Written Instructions for Mac: [[https:// | ||
- | {{: | + | =====How to Work with Languages in Word===== |
+ | The following is a list of the different ways to mark up and approach languages in your workflow. | ||
- | =====For entire documents written | + | * [[.language: |
+ | * [[.language: | ||
+ | * [[.language: | ||
+ | * [[.language: | ||
+ | * [[.language: | ||
- | If the entire book is written in another language, we will need to change | + | <note tip>If something |
+ | ---- | ||
- | To change the document language on a Mac, you can follow these steps: | ||
- | [[https:// | ||
- | On a PC, Word should automatically detect the language of the document: | + | =====Q& |
- | [[https:// | + | |
- | =====A note about poetry===== | + | Q: This question is about how we treat Indigenous languages. I have a book where there are just a few single words in an Indigenous |
- | When you are working on poetry, you will **not** be able to apply a particular | + | |
- | =====Working with Images of Words and Different Alphabets===== | + | A: Yes. For Indigenous languages always include the producers note, and do your best to identify the language as precisely as you can. |
- | Sometimes a word or phrase will appear as an image in line with the sentence instead of typed text. This is a issue from the publisher. Words or phrases should not be formatted as images, but sometimes publishers do not follow these guidelines. When this happens you will need to transcribe the image of the term of phrase, and then apply the language style. Be sure to delete the images once you are done adding the text version. | + | ---- |
- | < | + | Q: Question regarding The Hanging |
- | Sometimes the terms or phrases are typed out in line with the rest of the text, but with a language | + | A: A note about less common languages: If Word does not have a language |
+ | It is good to always check the wiki Language page, and check with me about languages as they can be very tricky sometimes (for example we don't have span tags for most Indigenous languages at this time, but Inuktitut has a set of unicode for its symbolics.) | ||
- | In case you're not sure how to type in different languages, this is how you do it on a Mac [[https:// | + | If you find there are a lot of these words, or longer phrases let me know and we can put in a Producer's Note similar |
+ | Never hesitate to ask! | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | Q: In Svaha, there are some Mandarin phrases that are spelled out phonetically with the English alphabet. I've been trying to mark them as Strong and to set the language as Chinese but Word won't let me. (I click " | ||
- | =====Q& | + | An example of the type of phrase I'm talking about is: "Wo hen hsiang chien t' |
- | **Q: I am editing a poetry book that uses Italian, French, and Latin. | + | Edited to add: Sure, I uploaded it to Cyberduck. I just want to add that I later came across a lot of similarly spelled out Japanese phrases and was also unable to mark them as Japanese. |
- | A: Unfortunately, | + | A: It seems to be an issue with Word since the words are written with english characters. Apply bold style to them, and I will add the language tags manually during conversion. Remember to leave a note for me about the languages |
- | **Q: I have a book that deals with hebrew words. | + | ---- |
- | + | ||
- | {{: | + | |
- | {{:public: | + | Q: I was wondering if you could make me a video showing how to add Language mark-ups? I noticed that there is one section of the My Heart is Not Blind book that says a word in Hawaiian, and another that uses the word “nonna”. I looked on the wiki and found these instructions: |
- | {{:public: | + | Marking up Languages |
+ | To mark up secondary language: | ||
+ | Select the text | ||
+ | Go to Tools > Language | ||
+ | This will open a pop up menu | ||
+ | Select the appropriate language | ||
+ | Apply Strong style to the word or phrase | ||
+ | When passing the ticket to the Production Coordinator, | ||
- | A: Using images instead of text is a very bad publishing practice :( Images of text should all be converted to text in the body of the narrative. We should type out all the text including the Hebrew and Greek text and use a style to tag them as words in the Hebrew or Greek language (as we usually do with foreign language words). | ||
- | In case you're not sure how to type in different | + | So I tried this, however I don’t think I am doing it right. It’s telling me to download the Italian package for Word, for example, when I select the appropriate language. I think I may be in the wrong section...? |
+ | |||
+ | A: It sounds like you need to download the language package to your Word in order to use that language tag. Windows makes you take a few extra steps to add languages | ||
+ | Note: The video at the top automatically stops to give you time to do the task, just hit play again to have it start up again. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Remember, we do not markup single words that are naturalized into English. Nonna is a word that is also pronounced the same in English, so no markup. The Hawaiian should be marked up, but there is no mark up for Hawaiian in Word .... which is just ...so wrong... Mark the word as strong so I can find it and see if I can add a tag in the code. This will not be read by screenreaders though, so you can also add a producer' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q: I am currently working on " | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: Always mark up languages with Strong Style. This is done so I can locate the markup easily and check it. I then remove the strong style for language before conversion. This is noted in the wiki section for languages in the note at the end of the documentation for how to mark up languages. I have revised this note to be more clear. If there are large sections of English then they have to be marked up, as per the language rules. It is with single words and small phrases where we have to be more cautious, as this can be jarring. In a multi-lingual play, it is not surprising to have different languages, and it is more cumbersome to the listener to hear entire phrases mispronounced. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q: I'm working on the play "1 Hour Photo." | ||
+ | |||
+ | [Here is an example: Tetsuro raises both hands to illustrate the ideogram for " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Another option I thought of was to copy the image of the ideogram from the PDF file and paste it into the Word file. Then, add alt-text to it. What do you think? | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: You should insert the proper ideogram back in. You can do this using unicode. Here are [[public: | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | Q: That's the thing, I don't know how to find the correct Japanese ideogram in Unicode. I don't even know which Japanese alphabet to search in - apparently there are several. I don't feel at all confident that I can identify the correct symbol. I know how to insert symbols with Unicode - the missing part is how to identify the specific code for the correct Japanese symbol. I think it would be one of the CJK Unified Ideographs but I don't know which one and I can't just search " | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: In this case, since it is an issue of conversion and you are not confident in finding to correct ideogram, then simply put a producer' | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Q: I am editing an illustrated children' | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: Unfortunately, | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **Q: I have a book that uses Innuinaktun words, but it also has two images. One is an image of a table with the word symbols beside the sound (no english translation), | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: Looks like this is the Inuktitut language, according to the publication information. Inuktitut can be represented by [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Canadian_Aboriginal_Syllabics_(Unicode_block)|Unicode Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]]. | ||
+ | We will need to translate the images into Unicode. | ||
+ | If you're using Mac, enable your " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q: alfabet / alphabet features several words in Friesian, which is not included in the list of languages available in Microsoft Word. Should I format these as I would Indigenous words and leave a comment accordingly? | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: Great question! Yes, you can treat it similarly to Indigenous languages on Turtle Island. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | Q: I'm working on Pilleurs de rêves, | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: Yes, you need to **always** bold all Indigenous words. I will get that translation and let you know when the wiki has been updated. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | Q: Another A Thousand Times You Lose Your Treasure question: I know that we don't mark up words that have been incorporated into English, but I've noticed in this text that the author does not use the anglicized " | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: You can treat it the same way as the other Vietnamese words as below. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | Q: I'm working on A Thousand Times You Lose Your Treasure, which works in words in Vietnamese, and I noticed that Vietnamese isn't one of the default language packs. I found the guide in the Wiki for adding languages in Windows | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: It seems like you can not add Vietnamese to Word on Mac. I submitted a new question to the community message board, and will let you know if I hear anything. For now, just bold all the words, add a note to RT when you pass it to me that there are Vietnamese words in the document, and I will manually put in the span tags when I convert it to EPUB3. | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q: Working on Late to the House of Words by Sharon Dolin. Because it is a Spanish-English parallel text, is it correct that I apply language on each Spanish part entirely? | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: Yes, you want to apply Spanish to the full phrases. Remember in the future to include an example in your question. | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q: Another question about Late to the House of Words by Sharon Dolin. There are some italicised words on both the Spanish and English text. Strong style is already applied to the Spanish pieces. Is clearing the format of the particular words and applying emphasis style the correct treatment to the italicised words in Spanish? E.g. Under [No conec cap espai], No conec cap espai que respongui al nom de //casa//. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A: Yes, we follow the same rules for emphasis for other languages. | ||
---- | ---- | ||
WCAG 2.0 - H58: | WCAG 2.0 - H58: | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[public: |